Plantation Management in the Old South Essay Example for Free

Plantation Management in the Old South Essay William Scarborough’s, The Overseer, examines the importance and the daily duties of the plantation overseer and how they influenced and contributed to the production and efficiency of slaves in the â€Å"Old South†. This position was unarguably, the most important position in the southern plantation system as they determined the success or failure of a plantation. In some small plantations, but mostly larger ones, the overseer was in charge of the supervision of enslaved Africans, care of the land, planting, farm tools, and harvesting. The overseer has been especially known in history as the handler of harsh disciplinary actions against slaves for breaking heavy or mild rules. The emergence of job advertising stormed through the south with higher number of individuals owning slaves. Over time leading up to the Civil War, the position of overseer has been professionalized with some planters even requiring letters of recommendations from their applicants. The goal of the author is to gather facts and accurate evidence that demonstrate how overseers effectively completed their task set forth by plantation owners and were less concerned about the torture and harsh beating of the enslaved Africans. The writer focuses more on the profession itself as opposed to examining the individual’s social class or morals in society. He also attempts to provide a valuable interpretation of one of many groups that made up the white middle class of the Old South. The book is divided into three sections with the first concerning the history and role of the overseer in the plantation establishment. It also gives key details on contract negotiations between the overseer and the plantation owner. Lastly, this section shows the view of the overseer by the general public. The second section examines the managerial duties and responsibilities and some of the disagreements between the plantation master and the overseer. The final section shows the occupation and the importance of the plantation supervisor during the Civil War and how the loss or reduction in available overseers affected the surviving plantations after the war ended. The overseer system was first introduced in the United States by the Virginia Company of England with the primary job function of upholding gained territory. When Africans were shipped to the Louisiana Territory as slaves, this very system was implemented. The vast majority of overseers during the colonial period were indentured servants whose terms of service had expired. One major reason for the increase in overseers in the antebellum south, during the 18th century were the cultural change that demanded plantation owners to indulge in the arts and other cultural pursuits. The profile of many of the men that went into this profession were most likely either the son of a planter, white lower class men, and men who actually saw the economic benefits of being an overseer. One distinctive feature of the overseer system during the colonial period was the practice of leasing developed plantations with slaves as stock. With this agreement the overseer was in charge for maintenance of the s lave force, and in return received one-third of the net proceeds from the selling of the crops. This profession would soon become highly profitable when cotton became the forefront of agriculture in the United States although to some had a negative view of the position. Although most of the overseers were originally poor and uneducated, they still gained enough respect by their employers to be acknowledged as a semi-elite professional with a very profitable position. Whatever may have been the view of the planter class regarding the step on the â€Å"social ladder† occupied by slave managers, the overseer himself had no feeling of class inferiority and showed little resentment toward the proprietary group. One of the major duties of the overseer was the welfare and discipline of the slaves, the care of livestock and other agriculture implements, and the production of staple and subsistence crops. The overseer assigned certain task to specific slave groups and supervised the labor of slaves in the field. The overseer was expected to have basic medical understanding to be able to examine the slaves and make note of any who actually needed professional treatment to treat certain physical hinders. The slave manager was obliged to make periodic inspections of slave cabins and was responsible for the distribution of clothing for the slaves. Lastly, and most importantly, the overseer was expected to ensure the security of the whites against uprisings of slaves, which was to some, inevitable. Depending of the plantation, there were also a second set of rules that were handed down from the planter to the overseer to instruct to the slaves. Some plantations had very harsh working conditions and required long hours, regardless of age or gender, while other were pretty mild with less work demanded from pregnant women and children under the age of seven. Some planters stated that â€Å"a happy slave is a productive slave† and the overseer had to abide by the wishes of the planter although they may have had different views on the use and managing of the slaves. The relationship between the overseer and the planter became pivotal leading up to the Civil War in 1861. As the Civil War began to run its course, the production of agriculture (with slave labor) was extremely important in the surviving and continuity of the south. The role of the overseer became even greater than ever with the departure of healthy white men leaving to join the Confederate Army. In many areas in the south, the only remaining security against insurgencies from the slaves was the overseers. It was no surprise that the drafting of plantation managers to the Confederate Army, angered many planters knowing that there would not be enough qualified managers to keep the slaves productive and fearful. There were even laws put into place in states such as Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana that limited the number of overseers that could be drafted into the army. The south also made a rule stating that any wounded soldier who is able must return and oversee a plantation in order to contribute to the production of goods in the south. With this reduction in overseers, many slaves were able to escape and a number of large plantations fell due to the absence of the â€Å"slave Manager†. Scarborough’s The Overseer, examines the life and impact of the plantation overseer and how it shaped the working system of slavery and production in the United States. The author’s uses key facts to back his thesis on the importance and professionalism of the overseer. Scarborough did extensive research by exploring primary sources such as the memoirs of planters, public records, legal documents, and advertising posters. He incorporates a number of different employment contracts between planters and overseers and compared them based on the size of the plantation, state and region, and number of slaves. The author seemed to look at this job description from a professional standpoint as opposed to the ills and negative view that society and some historians have placed on the managers of plantations. He mentions that some overseers who were uneducated or inexperienced greatly affected the outlook for this profession and shadowed the somewhat complex job of managing an entire plantation.

Agent Orange :: essays research papers

Throughout wars, armies are constantly introducing new technologies to stay ahead of their enemies. In the Vietnam War, the Americans used Agent Orange, so their enemies would be more visible. Agent Orange was a herbicide for warm, tropical climates and the American’s and Canadian’s started testing this chemical in the 1940’s, however, it was never tested on humans until nearly the end of the Vietnam War when it was finally discontinued in 1971. Agent Orange was a 50-50 mix of two chemicals know as 2,4,D and 2,4,5,T. Then the final result was combined with kerosene and diesel fuel, creating TCDD or dioxins, which contained powerful carcinogenic chemicals. It was sprayed with helicopters, airplanes, vehicles and by hand on the Vietnam landscape. After the America troops started developing disease like syndromes, some faster then others, people began to question the impact of Agent Orange on the human population. Laboratories started to test Agent Orange on animals. This led to finding that the animals had contracted a wide variety of diseases, and many of them were life threatening. â€Å"A researcher with the New Jersey Agent Orange Commission in Trenton reported finding an average 10-fold excess of TCDD—roughly 45 ppt in fat –among 9-10 veterans who had been Agent Orange sprayers in Vietnam roughly 20 years ago.†[1] Some of these diseases included as Diabetes Mellitus (Type II), birth defects, Chloracne, Hodgkin’s disease, Multiple Myeloma, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Acute and Sub-acute Peripheral Neuropathy, Porphyria Cutanea Tarda, Prostate Cancer, Respiratory Cancers and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma and with possibly several other serious diseases. The near end of the war, they finally realized th at Agent Orange was highly contaminated with amounts of TCDD. â€Å" The Stellman data show that veterans exposed to herbicides faced an increased risk of elevated blood pressure, benign fatty tumors, a wife’s miscarriage, visual and skin sensitivity to light and symptoms of depression, as compared, with veterans who were not exposed.†[2] Agent Orange was predominately used in Saigon, Bien Hoa and Cu Chi, these cities and towns received an estimated 19 million gallons. â€Å" The Environmental Protection Agency has called it ‘one of the most perplexing and potentially dangerous chemicals ever to pollute the environment.

Great Little Box Company Case Study Essay

Problem Statement Idea Points – The company’s original informal, simple structure has moved on to an organic structure has now outgrown itself. How does GLBC implement a structural revival and still retain and absorb customers in a market that is no longer suffering an economic down turn. How can this new structure be used against the competition in a global market – How do we influence and delegate various levels of Authority and Legitimate power to employees to further organizational efficiency – How do we implement different concepts of power type to our current and future organizational design? – With the acquisition of new companies, interorganizational conflict will arise. Structural and personal factors lead to conflict in organizations. What key factors can we work on to heighten Emotional Intelligence? Symptoms – We can see that the company started as a small structure. The power was in the hands of Robert Meggie † taking orders to making sales calls to running one of the machines and shipping out the completed orders.† – Expert Power has been implemented through the hiring of a recently laid off salesperson from one of its largest companies (supply shipping first). The member of the organization â€Å"Upped our business 80 percent overnight† – and highlighted the importance of a strong sales force – Eventually Meggie required the skills and expertise of another person (for sales and marketing) Meggie was then responsible only for administration and production (we can see a change into a slightly more divisional structure, based on the services) – * Administration * Production *Marketing *Sales – The Six types of OD structures can fall under two comprehensive categories (Mechanistic and Organic) we can identify GLBC as being closer to the organic side. (No one company can be purely be from one side or the other) – We can see that size is increasing for the company (Absorption of Parrot Label (label capabilities), Vanisle Packaging (P provider on Vancouver Island), and Action Box Company (Lead provider of protective packaging in BC). This also forwards the Formalization and Specialization of the company. This in turns decentralizes decision-making. – The past economic downturn had the small, agile company cut into an edge in the market. However, the now growing expansion has the need for strategic leader ship that can facilitate access to the company’s capabilities and knowledge. – We do not have any type of standardization information present for this company. We have nothing that points to identification of a standardization of company management. (Rules, Policies, Documentation) – As the company is continuing to grow, centralization is also growing. This is demonstrated by the monthly meetings that Meggie administers. The information shared is a vehicle of empowerment for the people below him at the various locations. – Meggie also meets with everyone twice a year in groups, to provide â€Å"a state of the nation† (Centralized Authority Structure) – It is possible to assume that as the complexity of the structure increases, so does the political element of the strategic decision processes- As the company grows Meggie may be faces with a problem where he may have to balance efficiency orientation and the quality orientation of the organization. Problem Analysis – Information Technology and communication systems can lead to interworking with the company. These companies are less hierarchical and more engaged into external networking. – This will deter a delay in decision-making, and increase the quality of the decisions being made. The right information is meeting with the right people. And no one is being overloaded with data. – Coordinating plans can be not as effective in a changing structure, if the it is designed poorly – GLBC at times may experience powerlessness can due to existing staff being grouped with newly acquired companies, and experience conflict. (Changing OD Structure) – We must share power between people to project empowerment to the people? – Information Power is the access and control to information that can be used by managers to establish power. We should use current technologies to share the proper information to the right people – A high level of Vertical Differentiation must be in place for the organization to consider growing in size (global market). – Horizontal Differentiation must be at a level where the needs of the customers are met by the specific Organizational Units (domestic and foreign operations). Conflict can arise from the improper grouping of processes. Refer to page 253 (Technology) – Formalization, specialization, standardization, and centralization. – Must allow the proper authority to make key decisions, but allow the parent firm to allow the goals of the organization to be in check at the same time. Page 253 (Size) – Structural Factors can lead up to a cause of conflict in an organization. We can identify this through the specialization of companies that have been absorbed by GLBC. – In a big box company, Interdependence will become prevalent. All the groups rely on each other to create the finished product. It one section where to fail, it will be easy for one of the groups to blame another group.( Negative Consequences ) – Functional Conflict – Can be used to promote new solutions to problems and promote creativity. Recommended Solutions – We want to lead up to a semi – autonomous system. Where organizations can self-manage and controls themselves. o The negative consequence in choosing this route is the possibility if a section of the company to lose track of the focus of the company. o A section might be given so much freedom that they can lead to a huge economic loss in not in check o Can be positive due to authority based decisions to be transferred completely to another autonomous unit, thus having speed and being unhampered by politics. o Delegation of tasks (Semi-Autonomous) will always answer to the organization but still be allowed to do its own thing – Authority, Legitimate Power – Can be deployed to specific people with the use of information technology (For an example, Microsoft Domain Networks with separate Organizational Units) the proper people with have the proper knowledge, (The higher ups can be exposed to more but not actually work with it, people lower in the hierarchy can see less but more action orientated with it. (Goal setting mechanism)) o Very similar to authority, Based on mutual agreement of the structure and the target. We must make it visible to all workers, who is where and what they can do. o The negative side is that, people can choose to ignore people they do not respect. And later be swayed by referent power (They persons charisma) o It’s crucial to identify the group’s main source of authoritative inspirations and deploy someone who can meet the power needs. o A engineer is more likely to Expert Power and Reward Power more than the other power types. We can tell this by their personality type ENTJ INTP (Intuitive types). Perhaps even if we have a lot of EN** we can find a charismatic person that can a lot of expert power J – If we cannot show a proper power structure to a changing organization, we may find people attempt to resort to political power to gain power. For an example, character assassinations. People may start to take favourites or put down people that will not help them achieve their power goals. -People may try to gain people under a personal agenda book -Make themselves look socially better -Influence people without using power ethically – To deter this, again legitimate power can be instilled – Vertical Differentiation – We have to have solid management with Authority. Progression up the company is clear and hierarchical. Communication flows vertically up and down – Disadvantages We have individual containers for each section of a geographical area that is in charge of it owns sales, BUT Production is to remain consistent across all locations to have the brand product remain the same. The respective marketing is left up to the location is thus does not have to answer to the higher ups CEO in the company. This will prevent information overloading with the OD. The (Project Manager) will have the ability to work in two difference areas. As a regular projects manager in the Marketing Dept and as a functional Production manager. The right people to complete the tasks will be pulled from the locations thus leading to a organisations intimacy through the location. Also this provides for a need for achievement and affiliation. People will not feel like they are stuck in a certain area. In addition, the ability to flex positions would be present. Once they task is completed staff can be returned or combined with several structures creating a hybrid entity.

Causes and Effects of the Persian Gulf War Essay - 717 Words

Causes and Effects of the Persian Gulf War The Persian Gulf War, often referred to as Operation Desert Storm, was perhaps one of the most successful war campaigns in the history of warfare. Saddam Hussein, leader of Iraq, invaded Kuwait in 1990. In 1991, after weeks of air strikes, US ground forces entered Iraq and Kuwait and eliminated Iraqi presence in 60 hours. Why Would Iraq invade Kuwait? Kuwait supplies much of the world’s oil supplies, and when Hussein invaded Kuwait, he controlled 24% of the world’s oil supplies (O’Hara). Though this is a good reason, it is not the only one. Iraq’s real excuse for annexing Kuwait was that he believed that Kuwait was producing more oil than it was supposed to, taking out of Iraq’s†¦show more content†¦Just before the United States began air strikes over Iraq, Hussein decided to test his new weapon on the city of Iraq. Little damage was caused, but it just was another excuse for the United States to attack (NSA). What happened after the Persian Gulf War? â€Å"Because the world would not look the other way†¦tonight, Kuwait is free.† Those were the words of President Bush after the end of Operation Desert Storm. Though free, Kuwait was a war torn country. While Iraqi troops were retreating, they set fire to many of the Kuwait oil fields causing a constant blaze. Along with a defeat, Iraq has to accept strict cease-fire terms set on by the UN. They include No-Fly-Zones on the north and south borders of Iraq, frequent military inspections, destroy all chemical and ballistic missiles in its possession, and stop any nuclear weapons programs (Brown). Though only about 367 Americans died in this war, about 160 of them were from friendly fire, which is when someone is killed by their own country on accident. This is because of the new â€Å"high-tech† weapons where at times, only infrared light can be read, making it impossible to decipher which is friend or foe (Friendly Fire). After the war, many of the soldiers who fought developed what is known as Gulf War Syndrome. Speculation is that the cause may be chemical or biological weapons used, but nothing has ever been confirmed (Brown). Towards the beginningShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Success of Operation Desert Storm and Shield825 Words   |  4 Pagesmilitary in war time. Moving resources by air and sea the American armed forces presence was made known in the region with resources being staged in the allied countries of Saudi Arabia These later we mobilized initiating operation Desert Storm on January 17th 1991 at 3am Arabia Time when the first tanks rolled across the Saudi border, this conflict would continue until the official cease fire would take effect on April 11th of the same year (Operation). During the 10 month time span of the Persian GulfRead MoreHow the Iraq Invasion of Kuwait Impacted Kuwaits Environment1667 Words   |  7 Pagesportion of the war as well as the beginning of the oil fires. Furthermore the pollution of the oil fires will be looked at in regards to terrestrial pollution as well as wildlife pollution. This investigation will include an evaluation of the origin, purpose, value and l imitations of 2 sources, The Environmental Consequences of War: legal, economic and scientific perspectives by Jay E. Austin and Carl E. Bruch, as well as John Loretz’s article titled The Animal Victims of the Gulf War. Part B: SummaryRead MoreThe Catastrophic Effects Of War1058 Words   |  5 Pagescatastrophic effects of war War is defined as a state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations (Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster.com). Warfare has been a tool used to acquire new lands and resources, defend religious beliefs, and to acquire freedom. Although, warfare maybe unable to avoid, it should not be used carelessly or without deep and thoughtful consideration. There are a number of factors that should be taken into consideration before a declaration of war is evenRead MoreMichael Klares Blood and Oil Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages Michael Klare has written an interesting and very relevant book, dealing as it does with the politics of oil, US foreign policy, the Middle East, and the causes of terrorism. He writes with a clear purpose and that is to argue that Americas securitization of oil and its willingness to use military force in order to secure its supplies of oil have be en a major mistake. His main argument is that ever sinceRead MoreAmerica an Apostle for Justice and a Combatant of Terrorism1391 Words   |  6 Pagestreat war as a sporting event, believing they are going to war with the only objective being to win, and forgetting objectives consistent with their nation’s own self-interest. Nations do go to war, but structured war objectives are usually limited to a nationÊ ¼s foreign and economic policy and the objectives then stem from self-interest. Nations go to war to gain territory, protect markets, or to gain resources, not just to triumph villainous forces. World War 1: Summary: A bloody war thatRead MoreCompare and contrast the 1990 Gulf War to the 2003 Iraq invasion. Did the position of Arab regimes differ?2916 Words   |  12 PagesCOMPARE AND CONTRAST THE 1990 GULF WAR TO THE 2003 IRAQ INVASION. DID THE POSITION OF ARAB REGIMES DIFFER? The Gulf War in 1990 and the invasion of Iraq in 2003 both had a profound impact not just on the countries directly involved - primarily Iraq and the United States (US) - but also on the geo-politics of the world. Arguably, the War ended in a stalemate because the Iraqi regime that had started the War by invading Kuwait remained in power. Perhaps inevitably then, in March 2003 the US and itsRead MoreCritical Reasoning And Battle Of Thermopylae1320 Words   |  6 PagesBattle Analysis of the Battle of Thermopylae One of the most historic battles fought in the 5th century BC was the Battle of Thermopylae. The Greeks and Persians battled for control of a narrow pass located at Thermopylae. This pass served as the most direct route into mainland Greece and allowed freedom of maneuver to the Persians. The Persians received a critical piece of human intelligence that allowed them to defeat the Greeks at the pass. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the battleRead MoreOil Spills May Happen For Many Reasons1512 Words   |  7 PagesOil Spills may happen for several reasons. 1. When oil tankers have equipment faults. When oil tankers break down, it may get stuck on shallow land. When the tanker is attempted to move out of shallow land, abrasion may cause a hole in the tanker that will lead to large amounts of oil being released into the oceanic bodies. However, although this form of oil spill is the most commonly known and has the highest media attention, only 2% of oil in water bodies is a result of this action. 2. from natureRead MoreU.s. National Security Strategy1382 Words   |  6 Pages The Way Ahead for American and Iranian Relations: Engaging in a Cold War Over the past 37 years, Iran has become one of the most complex and stubborn national security strategy issues that the United States has had to deal with. Once a key U.S. ally in the region, Iran is now a chief protagonist. To complicate matters, recently, the U.S. has found itself simultaneously an adversary and a quasi-ally of Iran. An example of this duality would be: on one hand, Iran has provided support to terroristRead MoreThe Battle of Thermopylae began in 480 BC and was a product of the Greeks attempt help defend the900 Words   |  4 Pagesand was a product of the Greeks attempt help defend the Ionians from the Persians. This irritated the Persian Emperor, Xerxes, because he thought of Greece as a small kingdom that had no place revolting against the Persian Empire. The Athenians sympathized with the Ionians because the Persians had also tried to invade Greece on multiple occasions. The Athenians provided feeble help to the Ionians and in retaliation the Persians struck a t athens (23B). Xerxes was known to be irrational with his temper

Business Ethics and Tourism - 5065 Words

†¢UTTERWORTH II~E [NEMANN 0 26 I-5177(95)00015- I Tourism Management, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 26.3-268, 1995 C opyright  © 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0261-5177/95 $10.00 + II.00 C urrent issues B usiness ethics and tourism: from m icro to macro perspectives A lf H Walle Travel and Tourism Program, University of Nebraska, West Center C226, Kearney, NE 68849, USA Business ethics is a complex field which the tourism industry must understand. In addition, t ourism is a unique industry; although general concepts of business ethics are often useful, t ourism transcends mainstream business and must be evaluated accordingly. By forming alliances with subdisciplines of business†¦show more content†¦Is the strategy legal? H as the organization r esponded to problems and i ssues which have emerged as s ignificant? F uture problems are addressed e ven if the organization is not d irectly involved in causing t hem 2. Is the strategy profitable e nough (however measured)? m anner if executives perceive that doing so is a good t actic. W hile Friedmans arguments are most powerful f rom a theoretical vantage, Keith Davis analyzes m odern business as it actually exists. 34 Davis e mphasizes the powerful position of modern busin ess; as a result of this clout, he argues, stockholders a re merely one of several legitimate stakeholders which must be considered when strategies are being f orged: economic power and its impacts create moral a nd ethical responsibilities. O nce Davis establishes this point, however, he p arallels Friedman by asserting that socially res ponsible behaviour ultimately benefits the organ ization and can help prevent government intervent ion and regulation. In addition to merely staving off g overnment interference, furthermore, the good pShow MoreRelatedA Report On Eco Tourism Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: This report is all about the eco-tourism business in South Africa. The chosen business is wild life experience park in which different activities are included like wild life safari, eco-friendly boating, whale and dolphin watching. In the wild life experience park the species are protected because the different species are placed at different part of the jungle. This report demonstrate the brief knowledge about the eco-tourism, Sustainable eco-tourism, sustainable practices, Impact are minimizedRead MoreBusiness Memorandum Analyzing Market Feasibility in India1354 Words   |  6 PagesBUSINESS MEMORANDUM analysis, the following conclusions were derived: 1. Scale the Philippines facilities to increase the production of parts and products created to supply the orders from the Asian markets, while decreasing the U.S. production. 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The French Revolution Essay - 5811 Words

The French Revolution The French Revolution was one of the most traumatic events in human history. Over seven million people may have died as a result. The immediate reason was the financial crisis caused by French support for the American Revolution. France invested 2 billion pieces of silver to win the war. Her tax system could only support the government during peace. A war called for extraordinary measures. This was the beginning of the first phase of the revolution, which is referred to as the Aristocratic Revolution. The aristocrats saw this crisis as an opportunity to reassert their power. The French Finance Minister, Necker (1776-1781) didn’t use new taxation to finance the war, he borrowed the money. In 1781, he published the†¦show more content†¦The Estates General was the legislative body of France and had not been called together in a hundred years. Louis XVI ordered the Parlement to register his new taxation edicts. At this point, Louis XIV would have sent in troops to shoot down the members of the Parlement – but Louis XVI was not as tough as Louis XIV and he only banned the Parlement. Protests against the King’s action broke out all over France. Louis XVI backed down on November 19, 1787 and called the Parlement back. On May 3, 1788, Parlement issued the Fundamental Laws. These stated, among other things, that new taxes have to come from the Estates General. Louis XVI’s reaction was to exile Parlement and to set up a new Parlement. However, riots started throughout France. These were so severe that the French government ceased functioning. Louis XIV would have sent in the army, but Louis XVI backed down. Brienne called for opinions as to how the Estates General should be set up on July 5, 1788. Unfortunately, for the French government his statement ended censorship, since all you had to do was relate what you were talking about to choosing an Estates General. As a result, political discussions ran rampant and all of France became stirred-up by the political rhetoric. Brienne resigned on August 25, 1788 and the King brought Necker back. Necker was able to secure an 80,000,000 pieces of silver loan to keep France fromShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And French Revolutions2006 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough the American and French revolutions both took place in the late 18th century, both fought for independence, and both portrayed patriotism, the revolutions are markedly different in their origins; one which led to the world’s longest lasting democracy and the other to a Napoleonic Dictatorship. Political revolutions in America and France happened because people felt dissatisfied with the way their country was run. In North America they rebelled against rule from a foreign power, they wantedRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution was a time rife with violence, with many revolutionaries using extreme actions to overturn the French Monarchy and create a government based on equality and justice, rather than tyranny and despotism. This violence reached gruesome and terrible heights throughout the revolution, but was justified by the revolutionaries, who believed that their goals of total equality, the end of tyranny, and the return to a virtuous society, allowed them to use means necessary to attain theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1321 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution The French Revolution was an iconic piece of history that help shape the world. It was a time were great battles occurred. Blood sheds happen almost every day. The streets were red by the blood of bodies that were dragged from being beheaded. The economy was in bad shape. But before all of this the French had a few goals but there was one goal that they all wanted and that was to get rid of the monarchy. This idea did not arrive out of nowhere, the commoners were influenceRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things toRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there were political and social causes of The French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. 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This attack was mainly because of seigneurial dues and church tithes that weighed heavily on many peasantsRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1180 Words   |  5 PagesLooking at the historical timeline, one can see that the French Revolution derived after the Enlightenment, which brought different ways of thinking, and different outlooks on government and society (553),(555),(558). The Enlightenment also changed the world of public debate, and established some ideas central to the French Revolution. The French Revolution of 1789 occurred due to government debt, class conflict, bankruptcy, the Enlightenment, and the rule of absolutism. These social, economic, and

Sexuality and Television Essay Example For Students

Sexuality and Television Essay After viewing only a few hours of television I asked myself, How is it that people can spend as many as 20 hours watching television per week? A whole day wasted, and what has come out of it? More garbage that will further distort any real comprehension held about what it means to be a male or a female. What it means to be male or female in the American culture cannot be defined with simple words, but yet can be easily distorted when viewing any commercial on television. It is amazing how a story about an entire cultures views about sexuality can be told in only a small portion of the day. This story about sexuality was unraveled as I forced myself to watch something I have absolutely no interest in and have not seen in almost four months. Women wearing extremely revealing clothing (i.e halter tops, mini skirts, breast accentuating shirts, and translucent clothing), men inconsequentially fooling around with whom ever they please, and negatives attitudes about genders were all common issues in my 19 inch box of colorful sound. Could it really be possible that the programs on television accurately portray how we Americans view sexuality? Watching only five hours of television led me to the conclusion that no matter what channel I happened to turn on, there was always an attractive person being displayed, and Americans choose to be promiscuous because they can. Viewing such an abundance of attractive people on television makes me wonder if a normal American even exists. If our lives do not resemble those of the characters we view on television, does that mean that there is something wrong with us? In the American society, if we see something that we like, we will keep watching it and obsessing over it until the trend is exhausted, even if this trend is a human being. According to Byrnes law of attraction, our liking for a person is influenced by the reinforcements we receive from interaction with them. This also says that shared activities provide the basis for sm ooth and rewarding interaction. In other words, the more time a person spends with someone doing things that they mutually enjoy (shared activities), the more attracted they will be to each other. Byrnes law is completely contradicted when it is applied to the notion that many adolescent girls fall madly in love with stars such as the members of Backstreet Boys. There are no interactions between the obsessive girls and the superstars, but yet these girls believe that they are destined to be with the group members. There are never shared activities with these stars, but yet the ones who feel an unexplainable bond with their destined one cry when beautiful women are seen around their man. One can only assume that attractiveness is all that matters in the America, and if you dont have attractiveness, you are hopeless. Although music videos contain a variety of musical styles, they have many common visual themes that inaccurately portray famous artists. These themes are the degradation of women, and the promiscuity of men. Many of videos display women as sexual objects to be looked at while they rhythmically dance to the beat of the song. Women are not the only dancers though; men can often be seen grinding against many different women throughout the same song. This implies that being promiscuous is okay if you are a male, and that the more partners you have, the higher the regard with which you are held. During these dances a lot of attention is drawn to the pelvic region. Janet Jackson, Michael Jackson, Madonna, *NSYNC, Lil Kim, and Kid Rock represent a very small percentage of the videos shown on MTV that bring focus to the crotch. In my viewing, all of these artists grabbed, held, flashed or portrayed their genitals in some sexual manner. This again gives the message that promiscuity is normal, and if you want some action, many are willing to put out. And because of this, we are constantly reminded that promiscuity will bring happiness along with fortune and f ame. .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 , .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 .postImageUrl , .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 , .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3:hover , .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3:visited , .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3:active { border:0!important; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3:active , .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3 .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uabcee37571351f24222343734aa5eed3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 1984 vs Brave New World Essay While viewing late night television, the promiscuity is only intensified because younger viewers are usually in bed at this time. This only proves that the producers of these shows know that something is wrong with their material, but yet will provide viewers with this information because it sells and satisfies Americas addiction to sex. Throughout the course of one episode of Saturday Night Live, there were several skits that implied characters were participating in sexual activities with numerous partners. (These activities of course cannot be shown because there are certain limitations that are placed on public television.) Many of these skits also focused on ex-president Bill Clinton because he was caught being promiscuous by the media. He appeared in several scenes wearing a giant penis, yelling Suck it! repeatedly, and checking out many different women at a party. This is another example of explicit behavior on television which shows that promiscuity is not just portrayed by ar tists, but also in parodies of political figures. While analyzing the content of television commercials, the portrayal of gender roles are extremely over exaggerated, and at times are very disturbing. An Old El Paso commercial shows a mother opening the refrigerator. She wonders what to cook for dinner when she sees only one pound of hamburger inside. A cowboy comes riding to save the day; he gives the woman a taco mix so she can cook her family a good meal. She is amazed with the cowboy, but he cant stick around so he proudly rides away into the night. This is a sickening and unrealistic portrayal of female stereotyping in agreement with the age-old myth that a womans place is the kitchen, and that men are always the heroes that save the day. Children do not need to view such prejudice. At a time where we are greatly evolving as a race, we need to break away from these stereotypical norms. In a commercial for the television network Do It Yourself (DIY). Men are shown working with tools, making home improvements, while the women are shown gardening and working with crafts. Once again the message revealed is that a womens place is in the home. In an advertisement for the Princeton Club gym in Madison, males are the only ones shown to be exercising on the equipment. Are women allowed to exercise? Do female athletes exist? Of course the answer to these questions is yes! But apparently the owners of the club are still living the mid twentieth century. The commercials shown during the late night television programming portrayed images that were anything but from the mid twentieth century. In one commercial during the late night television program, never before seen Playboy mansion party footage was being advertised. This footage included censored naked women, and many of the Playboy bunnies being kissed by Hugh Hefner. Once again promiscuity is viewed as a good thing because everyone in the commercial was having a good time, so there is no reason to think that something could be wrong with these actions. It is very hard to analyze the content and intent of any form of entertainment, since viewing is such an individualized experience. What is offensive to one person may seem completely normal to the next, and what one innocent being takes to heart, may easily be sloughed of by a more educated individual with a hardened exterior. There is always going to be opposition, positives, and negatives to any subject. America represents an individualistic and controversial society filled with a population diverse in every aspect from race to religion. As our culture progresses in its sexuality so does the medias portrayal of our sexuality. Human sexuality is a sensitive and influential topic which holds a different, but special meaning within the heart of every individual. Therefore, in publicly addressing this subject, one simple question must be asked: is publicly available viewing material greatly influencing the beliefs of our culture, or is it simply an aid to ones own personal discoveries and life lessons pertaining to sexuality? We may never know the answer. .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 , .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 .postImageUrl , .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 , .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082:hover , .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082:visited , .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082:active { border:0!important; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082:active , .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082 .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc330557785946fa59586b110a64cf082:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Burial Practices Of The Ancient Egyptian And Greco EssayBibliography: